valence-force field

This paper finds that the pricing right can bring the price-maker first-mover advantage, thus, both, in the buyers and sellers, oligarchs have incentive to obtain the pricing right, and the relative intensity of the competition determines their bargaining power.

文章通过对铁矿石国际贸易定价的博弈分析,发现定价权能够带来先动优势,因而买卖双方内部寡头都有竞争定价权的动力,且竞争的相对强度决定了各自的议价力大小;在铁矿石国际贸易中,定价权竞争具有"弱者优势"效应,但其作用有限。

One parameter,Zr2i,is related to electroslatic force,another parameter,Z*r2c,is related to covalent force.

用二参方程ф=Z2ri/Z*2rc计算Lewis酸软硬的标度,参数Z/r2i与静电力有关,Z*/r2c与共价力有关。