crystallization sequence

The numerical model provided here demonstrates the rule of the freezing time order and serves as the basis for the optimum design of a new type solar collector, whose freezing time order is controllable, therefore makes it possible for solar water heater to operate with high efficiency in winter without draining off the water and without heat exchanger or electricity.

对顺序冻结抗冻太阳热水器的冻结过程进行分析,建立数学模型,计算得到不同管型和结构尺寸的单管的冻结顺序和速度,为优化抗冻热水器的设计提供了依据。