specification

After defining the characteristic matrix and orthonormal characteristic matrix of simple graph,we analyse the orthonormal characteristic matrix,and then we gain a upper bound of the independence number of simple graph: α(G)≤(1+4n~2-4n-8m+1)/2」.

在定义了简单图的特征矩阵和规范特征矩阵后,对特征矩阵进行分析,得到了简单图的独立数的一个上界:α(G)≤﹂(1+4n2-4n-8m+1)/2」。

Through practice and discussion of the application of digital leveling instrument to the settlement observation of high-rise buildings ,the paper puts forward some doubts about the current practice in medium and small-sized city that does not conform to the regulation and stipulation to the management departments and the survey and map departments for reference .

文章通过运用数字水准仪进行高层建筑物沉降观测的实践与探讨,对目前中小城市的一些不符合规范规定的做法提出质疑,可供相关管理部门和测绘生产部门参考。